Thin Film Electrochromic Materials for Energy Efficient Windows

Numerous inorganic and organic electrochromic materials are discussed in the context of developing a thin film energy efficient window. By use of electrochromic thin films, it is possible electronically to control transmission or reflection properties of a window, thus allowing it to be optically and thermally managed, thereby reducing space heating and cooling loads. The properties of transition metal oxides, such as NO₃, MoO₃, Ir₂O₃ and V₂O₅ are detailed. Organic systems such as Heptyl Viologen, Polytungsten anion are reviewed. Also, intercalated structures are discussed. The designs of working devices are outlined. From this quantification, materials, devices and appropriate deposition technology are selected for window applications.