Low Energy Facades and Daylighting
Creating low-energy façade solutions for today's buildings
Low Energy Facades and Daylighting
Overview
New fenestration technologies and systems that optimize the synergies between the façade, lighting, and mechanical systems can deliver high performance throughout a building's lifespan. These "integrated" solutions represent a key opportunity to significantly reduce energy and demand, helping to move us toward our goal of zero net energy buildings by 2030.
Publications
2017
. Demonstration of Energy Efficient Retrofits for Lighting and Daylighting in New York City Office Buildings. 2017. 
PDF (6.55 MB)
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PDF (6.55 MB)2015
. "Measured daylighting potential of a static optical louver system under real sun and sky conditions." Building and Environment 92 (2015) 347-359. LBNL-187135. PDF (2.36 MB)
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PDF (2.36 MB)2014
. "Empirical Assessment of a Prismatic Daylight-Redirecting Window Film in a Full-Scale Office Testbed." LEUKOS: The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America 10.1 (2014) 19-45. LBNL-6496E. PDF (3.49 MB)
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PDF (3.49 MB)Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Annual Conference 2013Huntington Beach, CA,26 - 29 October 2013
2013
. A Pilot Demonstration of Electrochromic and Thermochromic Windows in the Denver Federal Center, Building 41, Denver, Colorado. 2013. LBNL-1005095. PDF (3.09 MB)
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PDF (3.09 MB)Completed September 30, 2012, released March 30, 2014.
. The Five-Phase Method for Simulating Complex Fenestration with Radiance. 2013. PDF (5.18 MB)
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PDF (5.18 MB) . Simulated daylight performance of a new prototype prismatic window film in deep open plan offices. 2013.
. "Near-Infrared Spectrally Selective Plasmonic Electrochromic Thin Films." Advanced Optical Materials 1.3 (2013) 215 - 220.
. "Regional performance targets for transparent near-infrared switching electrochromic window glazings." Building and Environment 61 (2013) 160 - 168.
. "U.S. energy savings potential from dynamic daylighting control glazings." Energy and Buildings 66 (2013) 415-423.
. "A validation of a ray-tracing tool used to generate bi-directional scattering distribution functions for complex fenestration systems." Solar Energy 98.C (2013) 404-414. LBNL-6541E. PDF (1.82 MB)
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PDF (1.82 MB) . Annual daylighting performance of a passive optical light shelf in sidelit perimeter zones of commercial buildings. 2013. PDF (3.47 MB)
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PDF (3.47 MB) . "Acceleration of the matrix multiplication of Radiance three phase daylighting simulations with parallel computing on heterogeneous hardware of personal computer." Journal of Building Performance Simulation (2013). LBNL-6461E. PDF (1.7 MB)
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PDF (1.7 MB) . "An empirical study of a full-scale polymer thermochromic window and its implications on material science development objectives." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 116 (2013) 14-26. LBNL-6376E. PDF (2.17 MB)
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PDF (2.17 MB) . "Monitored lighting energy savings from dimmable lighting controls in The New York Times Headquarters Building." Energy and Buildings 68.A (2013) 498-514. LBNL-6171E. PDF (12.4 MB)
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PDF (12.4 MB) . "Lighting energy savings potential of split-pane electrochromic windows controlled for daylighting with visual comfort." Energy and Buildings 61 (2013) 8-20. LBNL-6152E. PDF (5.34 MB)
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PDF (5.34 MB) . A Post-Occupancy Monitored Evaluation of the Dimmable Lighting, Automated Shading, and Underfloor Air Distribution System in The New York Times Building. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2013. LBNL-6023E. PDF (1.56 MB)
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PDF (1.56 MB)2012
. On the benefits of a variable-resolution bidirectional scattering distribution data format. 2012. PDF (318.7 KB)
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PDF (318.7 KB) . Integrated control of operable fenestration systems and thermally massive HVAC systems: Methods and simulation studies of energy savings potential. 2012. PDF (2.69 MB)
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PDF (2.69 MB) . A Pilot Demonstration of Electrochromic and Thermochromic Windows in the Denver Federal Center, Building 41, Denver, Colorado. 2012. PDF (2.33 MB)
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PDF (2.33 MB)Completed September 30, 2012, released March 30, 2014.
. "Application of a stochastic window use model in EnergyPlus." SimBuild 2012, 5th National Conference of IBPSA-USA, August 1-3, 2012. Madison, WI, 2012.
. "End User Impacts of Automated Electrochromic Windows in a Pilot Retrofit Application." Energy and Buildings 47.April 2012 (2012) 267-284. LBNL-6027E. PDF (1.99 MB)
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PDF (1.99 MB) . A Practical Framework for Sharing and Rendering Real-World Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions. 2012. LBNL-5954E. PDF (2.03 MB)
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PDF (2.03 MB) . "Discomfort Glare: What Do We Actually Know?." Lighting Research and Technology April 2012 (2012). LBNL-5584E. PDF (1.66 MB)
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PDF (1.66 MB) . "A validation of the Radiance three-phase simulation method for modeling annual daylight performance of optically-complex fenestration systems." Journal of Building Performance Simulation April 2012 (2012). LBNL-5606E. PDF (2.61 MB)
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PDF (2.61 MB) . Validation of the Window Model of the Modelica Buildings Library. 2012. LBNL-5735E. PDF (1.42 MB)
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PDF (1.42 MB)2011
. "Co-simulation based building controls implementation with networked sensors and actuators." Third ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings. . Vol. Proceedings of BuildSys 2011. Seattle, Washington: ACM Press, 2011. 55. PDF (392.43 KB)
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PDF (392.43 KB) . Model-based controls for integrated shading and UFAD control: Report on initial studies. 2011. PDF (1.58 MB)
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PDF (1.58 MB) . Measured daylighting potential of a static optical louver system under real sun and sky conditions. 2011. PDF (453.06 KB)
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PDF (453.06 KB) . GenOpt Generic Optimization Program, User Manual, Version 3.1.0. Berkeley: Simulation Research Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2011. PDF (1.18 MB)
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PDF (1.18 MB) . "Acceleration of Radiance for Lighting Simulation by using Parallel Computing with OpenCL." 12th International Conference of the International Building Performance Simulation Association (Building Simulation 2011). Sydney, Australia, 2011. p. 110-117. LBNL-5049E. PDF (663.18 KB)
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PDF (663.18 KB) . "Visual Comfort Analysis of Innovative Interior and Exterior Shading Systems for Commercial Buildings using High Resolution Luminance Images." (2011). LBNL-4417E. PDF (8.81 MB)
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PDF (8.81 MB) . "Simulating the Daylight Performance of Complex Fenestration Systems Using Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions within Radiance." (2011). LBNL-4414E. PDF (2.51 MB)
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PDF (2.51 MB) . "Performance of Integrated Systems of Automated Roller Shade Systems and Daylight Responsive Dimming Systems." Building and Environment 46.3 (2011) 747-757. LBNL-4418E. PDF (4.99 MB)
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PDF (4.99 MB)2010
. Post Occupancy Study of The New York Times Building: Survey Findings Assessing Occupant Comfort and Satisfaction. Tarrytown, New York, 2010. PDF (226.75 KB)
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PDF (226.75 KB) . Post-Occupancy Evaluation of The New York Times Headquarters Building: an Examination of Causes for Occupant Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with the Energy-Efficiency Measures. Berkeley, 2010. PDF (144.78 KB)
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PDF (144.78 KB) . "Light-scattering properties of a Venetian blind slat used for daylighting applications." Solar Energy 84.12 (2010) 2103 - 2111.
2009
. Innovative Façade Systems for Low-energy Commercial Buildings. 2009. Berkeley. PDF (5.19 MB)
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PDF (5.19 MB) . "Field Measurements of Innovative Indoor Shading Systems in a Full-Scale Office Testbed." ASHRAE Transactions 115.2 (2009) 706-728.
. "Optical characterization of fritted glass for architectural applications." Optical Materials 31.6 (2009) 949 - 958.
. "Simulating Complex Window Systems Using BSDF Data." 26th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA), June-22-24. Quebec City, Canada, 2009. LBNL-4416E. PDF (1.34 MB)
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PDF (1.34 MB) . High Performance Building Facade Solutions: PIER Final Project Report. 2009. LBNL-4583E. PDF (8.1 MB)
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PDF (8.1 MB) . "Daylight metrics and energy savings." Lighting Research + Technology 41.3 (2009) 261-283. LBNL-4585E. PDF (2.65 MB)
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PDF (2.65 MB)2008
. "A Modular Building Controls Virtual Test Bed for the Integration of Heterogeneous Systems." SimBuild 2008, July 30-August 1. Berkeley, CA, 2008. LBNL-650E. PDF (154.83 KB)
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PDF (154.83 KB) . "Light-scattering properties of a woven shade-screen material used for daylighting and solar heat-gain control." SPIE Optics+Photonics. San Diego, CA, 2008. LBNL-828E. PDF (1.41 MB)
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PDF (1.41 MB)2007
. Quick Start Guide: Commissioning and verification procedures for the automated roller shade system at The New York Times Headquarters. Berkeley, 2007. PDF (4.13 MB)
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PDF (4.13 MB) . Commissioning and verification procedures for the automated roller shade system at The New York Times Headquarters. Berkeley, 2007. PDF (4.35 MB)
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PDF (4.35 MB) . Daylighting the New York Times Headquarters Building: Final Report: Commissioning Daylighting Systems and Estimation of Demand Response. Berkeley, 2007. PDF (421.27 KB)
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PDF (421.27 KB) . Moving from Niche to Mainstream Markets: Addressing the High Cost of Daylighting Systems. New York, New York, 2007. PDF (361.24 KB)
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PDF (361.24 KB) . "Obtaining the Bidirectional Transfer Distribution Function of Isotropically Scattering Materials Using an Integrating Sphere." Optics Communications 277 (2007) 228-236. LBNL-61826. PDF (276.23 KB)
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PDF (276.23 KB) . "NFRC Interlaboratory Comparison on Optical Properties." NFRC Conference. San Diego, CA, 2007. LBNL-501E. PDF (553.53 KB)
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PDF (553.53 KB) . "Energy and visual comfort performance of electrochromic windows with overhangs." Building and Environment 42.6 (2007) 2439-2449. LBNL-59064. PDF (503.28 KB)
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PDF (503.28 KB)2006
. Summary results of visual comfort measurements at the electrochromic windows testbed. Berkeley, 2006. PDF (156.22 KB)
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PDF (156.22 KB)Included as an attachment to the Advancement of Electrochromic Windows final report.
. Experimental Validation of Daylighting Simulation Methods for Complex Fenestration Systems. 2006. PDF (192.81 KB)
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PDF (192.81 KB) . "Subject Response to Electrochromic Windows." Energy and Buildings 38.7 (2006) 758-779. LBNL-57125. PDF (300.16 KB)
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PDF (300.16 KB) . "The New York Times Headquarters Daylighting Mockup: Monitored Performance of the Daylighting Control System." Energy & Buildings 38 (2006) 914-929. LBNL-56979. PDF (672.43 KB)
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PDF (672.43 KB) . "Dynamic Controls for Energy Efficiency and Demand Response: Framework Concepts and a New Construction Case Study in New York." 2006 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Pacific Grove, CA, 2006. LBNL-60615. PDF (178.26 KB)
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PDF (178.26 KB)2005
. Daylighting the New York Times Headquarters Building: Final Report. 2005. LBNL-57602. Print Version PDF (39.97 MB) Web Version PDF (34.77 MB)
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Print Version PDF (39.97 MB) Web Version PDF (34.77 MB) . "DElight2 Daylighting Analysis in Energy Plus: Integration and Preliminary User Results." Building Simulation 2005. Montreal, Canada, 2005. LBNL-57531. PDF (37.69 KB)
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PDF (37.69 KB) . "Bi-Directional Transmission Properties of Venetian Blinds: Experimental Assessment Compared to Ray-Tracing Calculations." Solar Energy 78 (2005) 187-198. LBNL-58818. PDF (965.96 KB)
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PDF (965.96 KB)2004
. A First-Generation Prototype Dynamic Residential Window. 2004. LBNL-56075. PDF (228.66 KB)
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PDF (228.66 KB) . Evaluation of High Dynamic Range Photography as a Luminance Mapping Technique. 2004. LBNL-57545. PDF (4.97 MB)
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PDF (4.97 MB) . The Energy-Savings Potential of Electrochromic Windows in the US Commercial Buildings Sector. 2004. LBNL-54966. PDF (990.86 KB)
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PDF (990.86 KB) . "Low-Cost Networking for Dynamic Window Systems." Energy and Buildings 36 (2004) 503-513. LBNL-52198. PDF (262.33 KB)
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PDF (262.33 KB) . "Market Transformation Opportunities for Emerging Dynamic Facade and Dimmable Lighting Control Systems." 2004 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Pacific Grove, CA, 2004. LBNL-55310. PDF (394.65 KB)
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PDF (394.65 KB) . "Integrating Automated Shading and Smart Glazings with Daylight Controls." International Symposium on Daylighting Buildings. Tokyo, Japan, 2004. B13-B20. LBNL-54567. PDF (214.54 KB)
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PDF (214.54 KB)2003
. "Perspectives on Advanced Façades with Dynamic Glazings and Integrated Lighting Controls." CISBAT 2003, Innovation in Building Envelopes and Environmental Systems, International Conferences on Solar Energy in Buildings. Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2003. PDF (80.84 KB)
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PDF (80.84 KB) . "Advanced Interactive Façades — Critical Elements for Future Green Buildings?." GreenBuild, the annual USGBC International Conference and Expo. 2003. LBNL-53876. PDF (163.26 KB)
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PDF (163.26 KB) . "Comparison Between Ray-Tracing Simulations and Bi-Directional Transmission Measurements on Prismatic Glazing." Solar Energy 74.2 (2003) 157-173. LBNL-51169.
2002
. Materials, processes, and issues in low-emissivity and solar control coatings. 2002. LBID-2452. PDF (1.1 MB)
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PDF (1.1 MB) . Energy Performance Analysis of Electrochromic Windows in New York Commercial Office Buildings. 2002. LBNL-50096. PDF (14.61 MB)
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PDF (14.61 MB) . "Active Load Management with Advanced Window Wall Systems: Research and Industry Perspectives." ACEEE 2002 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Teaming for Efficency. Pacific Grove, CA, 2002. LBNL-50855. PDF (616.93 KB)
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PDF (616.93 KB)2001
. "Solar Heat Gain through a Skylight in a Light Well." ASHRAE Chicago. Vol. 108, Part 1. Chicago, IL, 2001. 512-524. LBNL-48835. PDF (1.28 MB)
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PDF (1.28 MB) . "Simulating the Operation of Photosensor-Based Lighting Controls." 2001 Building Simulation 7th International Building Performance Simulation Association Conference. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2001. LBNL-47544. PDF (600.95 KB)
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PDF (600.95 KB) . "A Method for Simulating the Performance of Photosensor-Based Lighting Controls." Energy and Buildings 34 (2001) 883-889. LBNL-49018. PDF (448.27 KB)
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PDF (448.27 KB) . Daylight in Buildings. A Source Book on Daylighting Systems and Components. 2001. LBNL-47493. PDF (4.58 MB)
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PDF (4.58 MB)Download: Daylight in BuildingsA hard copy of the book may be obtained by sending a request to Ellen Thomas at EllenThomas@lbl.gov. Only one copy per individual, U.S. or Canadians only. If you reside elsewhere, go to http://task21.iea-shc.org/ to find out how to obtain a copy in your country.
2000
. "U-Values of Flat and Domed Skylights." 2000 ASHRAE Annual Meeting. Vol. 106, Part 2. Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2000. LBNL-44422. PDF (1011.48 KB)
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PDF (1011.48 KB) . "Electrochromic Windows for Commercial Buildings: Monitored Results from a Full-Scale Testbed." ACEEE 2000 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Efficiency and Sustainability, August 20-25, 2000. Pacific Grove, CA, 2000. LBNL-45415. PDF (416.6 KB)
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PDF (416.6 KB) . "Application Issues for Large-Area Electrochromic Windows for Commercial Buildings." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 71 (2000) 465-491. LBNL-45841. PDF (521.49 KB)
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PDF (521.49 KB) . "21st Century Windows: Electrochromic Windows and Other Glazing Technologies." Fenestration Magazine (2000). LBNL-46644. PDF (291.93 KB)
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PDF (291.93 KB)1999
. Daylighting Simulation: Methods, Algorithms, and Resources. 1999. LBNL-44296. PDF (127.41 KB)
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PDF (127.41 KB) . "Net Energy Performance Measurements on Electrochromic Skylights." Energy and Buildings 33 (1999) 93-102. LBNL-42825. PDF (231.56 KB)
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PDF (231.56 KB)1998
. "Integrated Performance of an Automated Venetian Blind/Electric Lighting System in a Full-Scale Private Office." ASHRAE/DOE/BTECC Conference, Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings VII. Clearwater Beach, FL, 1998. LBNL-41443. PDF (88.24 KB)
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PDF (88.24 KB) . "Office Worker Response to an Automated Venetian Blind and Electric Lighting System: A Pilot Study." Energy and Buildings 28.2 (1998) 205-218. LBNL-40134. PDF (1.22 MB)
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PDF (1.22 MB) . "The Effect of Venetian Blinds on Daylight Photoelectric Control Performance." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 28 (1998). LBNL-40867. PDF (465.11 KB)
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PDF (465.11 KB)1997
. "Design and Performance of an Integrated Envelope/Lighting System." ICBEST '97 International Conference on Building Envelope Systems and Technology. Bath, UK, 1997. 375-380. LBNL-39729. PDF (850.58 KB)
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PDF (850.58 KB) . "Thermal and Daylighting of an Automated Venetian Blind and Lighting System in a Full-Scale Private Office." Energy and Buildings 29 (1997) 47-63. LBNL-40509. PDF (2.12 MB)
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PDF (2.12 MB) . "Simulating the Visual Performance of Electrochromic Glazing for Solar Control." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 27 (1997). LBNL-40016. PDF (1.17 MB)
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PDF (1.17 MB) . "Advanced Optical Daylighting Systems: Light Shelves and Light Pipes." 1996 IESNA Annual Conference 26.2 (1997) 91-106. LBL-38133. PDF (3.01 MB)
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PDF (3.01 MB)Presented at the 1996 IESNA Annual ConferenceCleveland, OH,August 4-7, 1996
1996
. "Developing a Dynamic Envelope/Lighting Control System with Field Measurements." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 26 (1996) 146-164. LBL-38130. PDF (1.56 MB)
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PDF (1.56 MB) . "Visual Quality Assessment of Electrochromic and Conventional Glazings." SPIE Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XV. Freiburg, Germany, 1996. LBNL-39471. PDF (10.19 MB)
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PDF (10.19 MB) . Design and Evaluation of Daylighting Applications of Holographic Glazings. 1996. LBNL-44167. PDF (763.61 KB)
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PDF (763.61 KB) . "Energy Performance Analysis of Prototype Electrochromic Windows." ASHRAE Transactions. Vol. 103, Part 2. Boston, MA, 1996. 149-156. LBNL-39905. PDF (910.73 KB)
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PDF (910.73 KB) . "The Energy Performance of Electrochromic Windows in Heating-Dominated Geographic Locations." SPIE International Symposium on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency & Solar Energy Conversion XV. Freiburg, Germany, 1996. LBL-38252. PDF (1.13 MB)
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PDF (1.13 MB) . "Demonstration of a Light-Redirecting Skylight System at the Palm Springs Chamber of Commerce." 1996 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Profiting from Energy Efficiency. Pacific Grove, CA, 1996. LBL-38131. PDF (3.17 MB)
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PDF (3.17 MB)1995
. "The Design and Evaluation of Integrated Envelope and Lighting Control Strategies for Commercial Buildings." ASHRAE Transactions 101.1 (1995) 326-342. LBL-34638.
. "Reducing Residential Cooling Requirements Through the Use of Electrochromic Windows." Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings VI Conference Proceedings. Clearwater Beach, FL, 1995. LBL-37211. PDF (1.19 MB)
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PDF (1.19 MB) . "Advancing Lighting and Daylighting Simulation: The Transition from Analysis to Design Aid Tools." International Building Performance Simulation Association Fourth International Conference. Madison, WI, 1995. LBL-37285. PDF (298.45 KB)
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PDF (298.45 KB)1994
. "Spectrally Selective Glazings for Residential Retrofits in Cooling-Dominated Climates." ASHRAE Transactions 100.1 (1994). LBL-34455.
. "Simulating the Energy Performance of Holographic Glazings." 13th SPIE International Symposium on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion. Freiburg, Germany, 1994. LBL-35382R. PDF (829.55 KB)
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PDF (829.55 KB) . "A Review of Electrochromic Window Performance Factors." SPIE 13. International Symposium on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion. Freiburg, Germany, 1994. LBL-35486. PDF (1.55 MB)
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PDF (1.55 MB) . "Effect of Switching Control Strategies on the Energy Performance of Electrochromic Windows." SPIE International Symposium on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XIII, April 18-22, 1994. Freiburg, Germany, 1994. LBNL-35453. PDF (1 MB)
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PDF (1 MB) . "The Design and Evaluation of Three Advanced Daylighting Systems: Light Shelves, Light Pipes and Skylights." Solar 94, Golden Opportunities for Solar Prosperity. San Jose, CA, 1994. LBL-34458. PDF (722.04 KB)
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PDF (722.04 KB)1993
. "Simulating the Daylight Performance of Fenestration Systems and Spaces of Arbitrary Complexity: The IDC Method." 3rd International Conference of the International Building Performance Simulation Association, Building Simulation 93. Adelaide, Australia, 1993. LBL-33945. PDF (1.22 MB)
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PDF (1.22 MB) . The Energy Performance of Prototype Holographic Glazings. 1993. LBL-34367. PDF (2.14 MB)
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PDF (2.14 MB) . "Office Lighting: A Review of 80 Years of Standards and Recommendations." 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. Toronto, Canada, 1993. LBL-35036. PDF (988.61 KB)
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PDF (988.61 KB) . "A New Method for Predicting the Solar Heat Gain of Complex Fenestration Systems I. Overview and Derivation of the Matrix Layer Calculation." ASHRAE Transactions 100, Part 1 (1993). LBL-34715. PDF (844.83 KB)
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PDF (844.83 KB) . "A New Method for Predicting the Solar Heat Gain of Complex Fenestration Systems II. Detailed Description of the Matrix Layer Calculation." ASHRAE Transactions 100.1 (1993). LBL-34716. PDF (1005.96 KB)
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PDF (1005.96 KB)1992
. Net Energy Performance Measurements on Two Low-E Windows. 1992. LBL-32128. PDF (4.13 MB)
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PDF (4.13 MB) . "Large Area Glare Sources and Their Effect on Discomfort and Visual Performance at Computer Workstations." 1992 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. Houston, TX, 1992. LBL-35037. PDF (437.29 KB)
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PDF (437.29 KB)1989
. Photoelectric Control of Daylight-Following Lighting Systems. 1989. LBL-24872. PDF (5.14 MB)
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PDF (5.14 MB)1986
. "The Integration of Operable Shading Systems and Lighting Controls." International Daylighting Conference Proceedings. Long Beach, CA, 1986. LBL-20536. PDF (1.26 MB)
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PDF (1.26 MB)1985
. The Effects of Skylight Parameters on Daylighting Energy Savings. 1985. LBL-17456. PDF (756.36 KB)
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PDF (756.36 KB) . "Energy Performance and Savings Potentials with Skylights." ASHRAE Transactions 91 (1985) 154-179. LBL-17457. PDF (1.1 MB)
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PDF (1.1 MB)1984
. "Skylight Energy Performance and Design Optimization." Windows in Building Design and Maintanence. Gothenburg, Sweden, 1984. LBL-17476. PDF (360.4 KB)
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PDF (360.4 KB)1983
. "Photo-Electric Control of Equi-Illumination Lighting Systems." Energy and Buildings 6 (1983) 141-150. LBL-15631. PDF (1.04 MB)
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PDF (1.04 MB)